Slide background

Restoring the Lower Snake River

Unsustainable and indefensible: the new economics of the lower Snake River dams

blog 120131 Port of Lewiston 3The lower Snake River dams were originally conceived to establish a 140-mile shipping corridor that would connect to the Columbia River and create an inland seaport in Lewiston, Idaho. The dams’ energy capacity was added late in the planning process by the Army Corps of Engineers to increase the project’s overall economic benefit and improve the chances of Congressional approval - and appropriations.

While the dams’ anticipated impacts on salmon and steelhead populations was held understood - they were opposed at the time by all Northwest state’s fish and game departments - the net positive economic benefit asserted by the Army Corps went largely unchallenged in the 1960s. More recently, however, steeply declining salmon populations, a series of expensive, ineffective and illegal federal salmon plans, a determined lack of transparency by the federal dam agencies, and the rapidly changing market forces in the energy and transportation sectors has attracted new scrutiny about these four dams overall costs and benefits. Independent observers and a series of reports in recent years makes it increasingly difficult to justify further investment in these high-cost, low-value dams on the lower Snake.

Built last century, the four lower Snake River dams produce less than 1,000 aMW of electricity each year - about 4 percent of the Northwest’s supply. More recently, the cost of wind and solar has plummeted, the capacity from renewables expanded, and the regional electric grid is rapidly evolving. We’ve become much smarter about how we generate, consume, and manage electricity.

Our region, for example, has recently developed 2,500+ average megawatts (aMW) from wind, solar, geothermal and biomass energy - with more currently under construction. And we’ve saved 5,500+ aMW of electricity in the last several decades through smart investments in energy efficiency. While the cost of renewables has plunged, the cost of maintaining and operating these four aging federal dams is steadily rising.

Trends on the transportation corridor are similar: decreasing demand and increasing costs. Shipping on the lower Snake River has declined by 70% in the last two decades. Private/public investments are expanding rail networks locally and helped facilitate a shift by many farmers and other businesses to transport their products by train rather than barge.

Our greatest asset is our ingenuity and ability to adapt. We don't have to choose between wild salmon, affordable low-carbon energy and reliable transportation. Working together, the people of the Northwest and the nation can craft a lawful, scientifically- and economically-sound plan that restores our wild salmon and meets the energy and transportation needs of the region’s communities.

Steelhead Mean Business

ACT NOW: Help seize a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to protect steelhead from extinction, keep people fishing, and invest in our Northwest communities and economy!

Not long ago, more than a million wild steelhead would flood into the Snake and Columbia rivers to spawn before returning to the Pacific Ocean to do it all over again.

Not anymore.

Steelhead Mean BusinessView the full ad (PDF)

Scientists are predicting this year’s return of wild Snake River steelhead will be among the lowest ever recorded. Unless we act quickly, one of nature’s recurring miracles in the Northwest will fade away for ever.

As a result of these devastating returns, fishing seasons are being curtailed and closed across the Snake and Columbia River Basin. Hundreds of businesses in scores of communities are paying the price.

Time is running out and we need urgent action - before steelhead, our livelihoods and our traditions go extinct forever.

Fortunately, earlier this year, Idaho Congressman Mike Simpson proposed a plan to invest big in the Northwest — to protect, restore and reconnect endangered fish populations and their habitats and to support agriculture, transportation, clean energy, and new, local jobs at the same time.

His groundbreaking proposal has launched a conversation about collaborative, regional solutions to restore the lower Snake River and its fish and invest billions of dollars into jobs, communities and infrastructure.

To seize this opportunity, we now need other public officials in the Northwest to step up as well.

Call and write your U.S. senators - in Washington State, Oregon and Idaho. Tell them we need bold, urgent leadership to protect Snake and Columbia river steelhead and salmon populations from extinction - and the businesses, communities and ways of life they support.

SMB

PLEASE ACT NOW:

CONTACT YOUR SENATORS IN WASHINGTON, OREGON AND IDAHO: "Time is running out. Now is the time to act!”

WRITE AND CALL:

Follow this link to send a pre-written, editable letter to our senators in  Washington State, Oregon and Idaho.

SEND AN EMAIL TO YOUR SENATORS (in WA, OR, ID)

 

You can also pick up the phone and call your senators –  let them know that we need their urgent leadership protect Snake and Columbia River steelhead from extinction, invest in our communities and economy, and preserve our region's special way of life.

WASHINGTON STATE:
Senator Patty Murray: (202) 224-2621 (D.C.)
Senator Maria Cantwell: (202) 224-3441 (D.C)

OREGON:
Senator Ron Wyden: (202) 224-5244 (D.C.)
Senator Jeff Merkley: (202) 224-3753 (D.C.)

IDAHO:
Senator Mike Crapo: (202) 224-6142 (D.C.)
Senator Jim Risch: (202) 224-2752 (D.C.)

 

Here are suggested message points:

  • Introduce yourself and include where you live. Be polite and speak clearly.
  • “I am calling to ask Senator _______ to use his/her leadership to work urgently with other public officials, Tribes and stakeholders to develop a comprehensive solution for the Columbia Basin's endangered steelhead and Northwest people and communities. I strongly support restoring the lower Snake River and its endangered native fish and investing in critical infrastructure to ensure more just and prosperous communities.”
  • Share why steelhead/salmon/fishing/healthy rivers are important to you, your family, and your community.
  • Emphasize the need for bold and urgent action this year, and how Snake River steelhead - and the jobs, businesses and communities and cultures they support - face extinction today.
FURTHER INFORMATION: Follow these links to additional information about Columbia and Snake River steelhead returns and its impact on anglers, businesses and communities across the Northwest.

KIVI TV: Steelhead bag limit reduced to one, conservationists say change needs to happen now (Sept. 5, 2021)

Field and Stream: Dismal Runs Force Oregon and Washington to Close World-Famous Steelhead Fisheries
Managers turn to emergency closures on the Snake, Deschutes, and John Day Rivers in hopes of saving wild steelhead (Ken Perrotte, Sept. 3, 2021)

Lewiston Tribune: Steelhead numbers bad, again (Eric Barker, Aug 24, 2021)

E&E News: A Republican wants to breach dams. Where are Democrats? (March 23)

Seattle Times: GOP congressman pitches $34 billion plan to breach Lower Snake River dams in new vision for Northwest (Lynda Mapes, Feb. 7, 2021)

Spokesman Review: Steelhead fishery closure on Clearwater and Snake rivers will take economic toll (Oct. 10, 2019)

Oregon Public Broadcasting: Northwest Salmon And Steelhead In Peril, And Efforts To Save Them Scale Up In Idaho (Jan. 23, 2020)

 

Visit these websites of allied business and non-profit organizations to learn about what they do, how you can support them - and how to get more involved.

NSIA Logo green 2020         IOGA No Background Logo 4         MRGA 90 years

 

mfoa.logo.300          SROA FINAL LOGO COLOR          OOGA

BHALOGO            IWF Logo Badge Primary              TRCP

     

                 NWGAA copy         Save Our wild Salmon 500x500     ANWS.logo.2021

 

SMB

 

Idaho Statesman: Acidic oceans and warm rivers that kill Idaho’s salmon might be norm in 50 years

climate.pteropodBy Rocky Barker
rbarker@idahostatesman.com
October 07, 2017
 
STANLEY, ID. What is the future of the Columbia River and its salmon? Look to 2015.

That year’s extraordinary combination of overheated river water and low flows killed hundreds of thousands of returning sockeye salmon, devastating a run that had rebounded from near-extinction.

Millions of new sockeye and steelhead smolts migrating the opposite way, to the Pacific, died throughout the river system; only 157 endangered sockeye made it back to the Sawtooth Valley this year.

By the middle of this century, scientists suggest, the temperatures we saw in 2015 will be the norm. The low snowpack and streamflows were examples of what the Pacific Northwest should expect at the end of this century due to rapid climate change caused by the burning of fossil fuels, climatologists say.

“2015 will look like an average year in the (2070s) and there will be extremely warmer years than that,” said Nate Mantua, a NOAA atmospheric scientist in Santa Cruz, Calif.

Scientists, politicians and energy officials have argued for decades over the best way to restore troubled salmon runs along the Columbia and Snake. Their focus has largely been on the dams and human development that reshaped the rivers. But regardless of what other steps we take for the fish, climate change could catch up with them in the coming decades and pose a major threat.

Already, scientists have seen regional snowmelt reach rivers an average of two weeks earlier than historical records indicate. The average temperature of the Columbia River and its tributaries has risen more than 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1960.
     
Climate modelers at the University of Washington’s Climate Impacts Group predict  <https://cig.uw.edu/resources/special-reports/> that the Pacific Northwest’s average annual temperatures will rise a total of 4 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit by 2050. High estimates suggest the increase could exceed 8 degrees, said Joe Casola, the group’s deputy director.

Salmon and steelhead that migrate in the summer and those that spawn and rear in lower-elevation tributaries to the Columbia may not survive these temperatures. In water of just 68 degrees, salmon will begin to die.

READ THE FULL STORY here.

About the Restoring the Lower Snake River Project

Save Our wild Salmon is leading a coalition of conservation, fishing, clean energy, orca and river advocates to protect and restore abundant, self-sustaining populations of wild salmon and steelhead in the Columbia-Snake River Basin for the benefit of people and ecosystems. Our coordinated legal, policy, communications and organizing activities focus on holding the federal government accountable by requiring Northwest dam agencies (Bonneville Power Administration, Army Corps of Engineer) and NOAA to craft and implement a legally valid, science-based Salmon Plan (or Biological Opinion/”BiOp”) for the Columbia-Snake Basin.

Since 1998, SOS has led a dynamic campaign to restore a natural, freely-flowing lower Snake River in southeast Washington State, expand spill on the federal dams that remain, and other necessary measures, based on the law and best available science.

Dam removal: Cornerstone of a lawful, science-based plan

The removal of the four lower Snake dams must be a cornerstone of any lawful salmon restoration strategy in the Columbia Basin. Lower Snake River dam removal will restore 140-mile river and 14,000+ acres of riparian habitat and bottomlands. It will cut dam-caused salmon mortality by at least 50% and restore productive access for wild salmon and steelhead to 5,500+ miles of contiguous, pristine, protected upriver habitat in northweast Oregon, central Idaho and southeast Washington State. Much of this immense spawning/rearing habitat found above the lower Snake River is high elevation and thus provides a much-needed coldwater refuge as a critical buffer against a warming climate. Restoring a freely-flowing lower Snake River will deliver tremendous economic, ecological and cultural benefits to the tribal and non-tribal people of the Northwest and the nation.

Climate change increases the urgency to remove these four dams and restore this river. High harmful water temperatures in the lower Snake River’s four reservoirs are now routine. Their frequency, duration and intensity have been steadily growing in the last several decades – with increasingly devastating impacts on out-migrating juvenile fish and adults returning from the Pacific Ocean to spawn. In 2015, for example, just 1% of 4000 adult Snake River sockeye that entered the Columbia’s mouth reached their Idaho spawning gravels; others perished in warm reservoir waters impounded by federal dams on the lower Snake and lower Columbia Rivers. A restored lower Snake will dramatically lower water temperatures and again offer diverse habitats found in living rivers, including additional coldwater refugia currently lost as a result of these reservoirs today.

Spill: A critical near-term measure to increase salmon survival

Increased spill at all federal dams is needed today as an immediate, interim measure to buy time for these endangered populations until a more effective and a lawful strategy is in place. Spill – water releases during the juvenile salmon out-migration to the ocean in the spring and summer - increases juvenile survival by reducing migration time, exposure to warm waters, predation and the overall numbers of barged (artificially transported) fish. Increased juvenile survival boosts adult returns in subsequent years – benefiting marine/terrestrial/freshwater wildlife and coastal/inland fishing communities.
 
These policies will substantially increase fish populations with corresponding impacts on the 125+ species that benefit from salmon. They will increase resilience for wild salmon and steelhead, the ecosystems they inhabit, and human communities they impact. And they will deliver critical economic, recreational and cultural benefits to the communities of the Northwest and the nation.

Salmon restoration requires community solutions

Our coalition recognizes that the removal of the four federal dams on the lower Snake River will affect the communities that currently use them – especially the communities of Lewiston (ID) and Clarkston (WA) and the energy, commercial and irrigation sectors. Based on the significant data on these dams, their modest services and the availability of efficient, cost-effective alternatives, salmon advocates are ready to sit down with both sovereigns and stakeholders to craft a responsible plan that removes these costly dams and replaces their services with alternatives.

The problem and the solution in five bullets:

  • The federal government’s long-standing status quo approach to protecting wild salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia-Snake Basin has failed – five consecutive federal salmon plans have been ruled inadequate and illegal by three different judges across more than twenty years.
  • During this time, federal agencies have spent more than $10 billion of public money, but have yet to recover a single salmon or steelhead population.
  • The economics of these four dams have been in question since even before their construction in the 1960s and 1970s. Their always modest services – especially energy and transportation, - have been in steep decline as the dams’ maintenance and operations costs rapidly rise. Their benefits can be easily, cost-effectively replaced with reliable, effective alternatives like wind, solar and rail.
  • Removing these costly dams and restoring this historic river and its wild fish is our nation’s greatest river and salmon restoration opportunity today.
  • A restored, resilient lower Snake River will protect endangered wild salmon and steelhead facing extinction; save American taxpayer and Northwest energy consumer dollars; create thousands of jobs regionally; benefit struggling fish and wildlife populations including endangered Southern Resident Orcas; and help ensure that we meet our Treaty obligations to Native American Tribes in the Columbia Basin.
 

Return to Restoring the Lower Snake River Project Home

Restoring the Lower Snake River

Dam removal must be the cornerstone of any lawful Columbia Basin Salmon Plan

A lawful federal salmon plan must restore a freely flowing lower Snake River by removing its four costly dams and increase water releases or ‘spill’ over the dams that remain.

In 2016, a federal judge rejected the federal dam agencies’ latest plan for protecting Columbia-Snake River salmon. This is the fifth plan rejected now by three judges over two decades. Our government has spent $15B+ but has yet to recover a single population. It’s past time for a new approach. A lawful, science-based plan must include the removal of the four costly federal dams on the lower Snake River. We need a Northwest plan that works for the region’s ecology and its economy, for fishermen and farmers, for taxpayers and energy bill payers.

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE PROJECT

 

Restoring the Lower Snake River Articles

 

October 14, 2025

Hot Water Report 2025: Issue 6

INTRODUCTION: The 2025 Hot Water Report provides real-time data in the lower Snake and Columbia river reservoirs to detail the collective impacts of hot, stagnant, and toxic waters on already-imperiled salmon and steelhead. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Hot water… Read More
October 09, 2025

Wild Salmon & Steelhead News (September/October 2025)

Wild Salmon & Steelhead News is published regularly by the Save Our wild Salmon Coalition. Read on to learn about the Columbia-Snake River Basin’s endangered wild salmon and steelhead, the many benefits they deliver to people and ecosystems, and the… Read More
October 08, 2025

Capital Press: Governors respond to ad placed by dam advocates

Tuesday, October 7, 2025 By Matthew Weaver Dam advocates placed a full-page advertisement in the Seattle Times last week asking Oregon and Washington’s governors to seek conversation, not lawsuits. Oregon and Washington’s governors answered by saying it was… Read More

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